Efforts to preserve Mongolian nomadic farming traditions
Mongolian herders aspect upward a raft of pressures on their traditional nomadic pastoralism, researchers say.
Dr Kate Moore, who spent 5 months conducting fieldwork inwards Mongolia, said: “The herders that I met were deeply aware of climatic together with environmental alter inwards their pastures that are affecting their lifestyle.
“They ofttimes get got to motion farther together with to a greater extent than ofttimes to notice practiced grazing for their goats, sheep, horses together with camels. Therefore many are concerned that whatsoever moves towards privatisation of pasture volition trim back their mightiness to keep their livelihoods together with nomadic culture.”
Geographers from the University of Leicester, inwards England, are involved inwards inquiry on pastoralism, surround together with livelihoods at a critical juncture inwards decision-making over the futurity of Mongolia’s rural areas.
The two-year study, “Community, Place together with Pastoralism: Nature together with Society inwards Post-Soviet Central Asia”, funded past times the Leverhulme Trust together with involving piece of employment inwards both Mongolia together with Kazakhstan, led to a coming together inwards Ulaanbaatar lastly month, organised past times the academy squad together with their Mongolian colleagues.
At the coming together herders were able to hash out fundamental nation together with livelihood issues straight amongst ministers, donors together with authorities advisers.
Dr Caroline Upton, the principal investigator for the project, said: “Mongolian herders are facing multiple pressures on their livelihoods, traditionally based on nomadic pastoralism, from climate change, mining, desertification together with novel policies on land.
“Through our project, national decision-makers were brought together amongst affected parties together with local stakeholders to ground closed to of the vital issues pertaining to nomadic culture, livelihoods together with identity inwards modern Mongolia.
“They were too able to clit lessons from the Kazakh context, based on our projection results.”
In recent years, Mongolian herders get got been encouraged through authorities policy together with donor interventions to shape herder groups. These groups are designed to collaborate inwards pasture management, labour sharing together with environmental conservation, every bit good every bit marketing of their livestock products, thence improving local livelihoods together with resilience.
A long-debated draft pastureland law, to live considered past times the novel Mongolian authorities inwards the side past times side session of parliament, seeks to strengthen rights to fundamental seasonal pastures for families together with herders groups.
Although this constabulary focuses on possession rather than ownership rights, for closed to herders it has raised fears over the ultimate privatisation of pastureland together with reduction inwards the mightiness to move, peculiarly inwards times of need.
Government policy is too promoting intensification of livestock production. Thus, at that topographic point are tensions betwixt mobile together with to a greater extent than sedentary livestock production inwards rural areas together with questions are raised over the house of nomadic civilisation together with identity inwards modern Mongolia.
Upton said: “This is a critical minute inwards determination making virtually the futurity of Mongolia’s rural areas. Enhanced rights of herders’ groups to fundamental seasonal pastures get got the potential to brand positive contributions to local livelihoods together with to conservation.
“Increases inwards mining activeness too brand the recognition of nation rights especially important, so that herders’ voices may live heard inwards defending together with seeking compensation for nation loss together with displacement.
“However, centuries quondam traditions of mobility, flexibility together with reciprocity should non live lost. As other pastoral cultures get got found, ‘modernity’ does non necessarily equate amongst sedentarisation or privatisation. Nomadic heritages together with practices retain nifty value.”
The Leverhulme squad is finalising detailed reports together with articles to part amongst herders, international donors, together with authorities policy makers, every bit move of their contribution to the vital, ongoing debates.
Results of the piece of employment get got too been presented at this years’ Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) annual conference inwards Edinburgh.
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