Two cases of Potomac Horse Fever in Ontario
The Ontario Ministry of Agriculture together with Food has piece of job aware of ii cases of Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) inwards the say equally of early on August.
Samples collected from sparse together with unwell Equus caballus inwards Essex County confirmed that it was suffering from PHF. The Equus caballus afterwards died. H5N1 Equus caballus inwards the Ottawa surface area besides tested positive for PHF. It was exhibiting profuse watery diarrhea precisely is reported to hold upwards recovering.
PHF is reported every twelvemonth inwards several regions of the United States of America of America together with Canada, including southwestern together with eastern Ontario. Cases ambit off inwards Ontario inwards the belatedly summer.
A trematode, living inwards freshwater snails together with aquatic insects such equally caddis flies, mayflies, damselflies, dragonflies together with stoneflies, is the reservoir for Neorickettsia risticii, the bacterium responsible.
Horses contract the illness yesteryear ingesting the snails or insects inwards hay, grain, pasture or water. The incubation current is 10-18 days.
Initial clinical signs include anorexia, languor together with fever, followed yesteryear enterocolitis, dehydration together with diarrhea. This may progress to toxic shock, laminitis or decease (it has a xxx part mortality rate). Endotoxemia is characterized yesteryear a vivid red/purple draw of piece of job (“toxic line”) on the gums. The Essex County Equus caballus had a toxic line. The illness may besides elbow grease abortion inwards important mares.
Other diseases such equally salmonellosis, clostridial infection, NSAID toxicity, antimicrobial-associated enteritis, fungal colitis together with toxic enteritis possess got similar signs to PHF.
Treatment includes intravenous oxytetracycline and, inwards horses amongst signs of enterocolitis, intravenous fluids together with anti-inflammatory agents. Early handling increases the likelihood of survival together with veterinarians inwards endemic areas oft initiate antibiotic handling prior to diagnosis if a Equus caballus is showing signs consistent amongst the illness inwards belatedly summertime or fall.
PHF is non contagious together with does non elbow grease illness inwards humans. Sporadic illness caused yesteryear N. risticii has been reported inwards dogs together with cats.
The next illness command steps tin hold upwards taken:
- Vaccination may decrease clinical signs precisely it volition non foreclose infection together with illness. It protects against alone 1 strain of the to a greater extent than than fourteen identified strains of N. risticii. Neither Equus caballus mentioned to a higher house had been vaccinated against PHF.
- Cover feed supplies together with depository fiscal establishment check H2O buckets together with troughs for dead insects.
- In endemic areas, plough off exterior lights most stables together with pastures during summertime months to foreclose attracting insects.
Veterinarians inwards Ontario should included PHF inwards their listing of rule-outs when examining horses during the summertime together with autumn that are anorexic together with febrile. Laboratory samples should include EDTA blood from alive animals, or lung, liver together with spleen from necropsy. Serology is of express value because of the high prevalence of false-positive titres.
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