What are you feeding your horse? An A-Z guide
There are nearly every bit many theories most feeding horses every bit at that topographic point are ideas on training.
Unfortunately, at that topographic point is no strictly defined “right way” for either. Each Equus caballus is an individual, in addition to their needs are dictated past times breed, living conditions, build, piece of job level, in addition to age. So i feed does non stand upwards for all – at to the lowest degree non without approximately variation. Many factors come upwards into play when deciding on a feeding programme.
For example, inwards New Zealand most horses, including racehorses, are at grass for at to the lowest degree approximately of the solar daytime – every bit opposed to their European in addition to American counterparts who are confined to a stable spell inwards total work. This gives a run a endangerment for exercise in addition to extra grazing, if available. The same feeding programme nether these weather condition would non piece of job every bit effectively inwards approximately other country.
There are thence many mixes in addition to supplements available a Equus caballus possessor could live forgiven for beingness confused most it all. Let’s larn dorsum to basics. What is all this materials for, in addition to what does it do?
(Note: this is non intended to live an exhaustive list, but rather a guide to the most mutual feeds).
From H5N1 to Zinc – a guide to feeds, supplements in addition to minerals
Apple cider vinegar: claimed to trim back the endangerment of tying-up, repel flies in addition to bots, trim back articulation illness inwards growing horses, in addition to improve full general health. Contains electrolytes, potassium, in addition to describe minerals.
Balage in addition to Haylage: made from pasture that is fermented after it is harvested past times sealing it inwards plastic wrap. Its feed value is related to the type of pasture used for making the haylage but is twice or iii times higher thanmeadow hay. Limit intake to 300-400g/100kg trunk weight inwards each feed.
Barley: a mutual staple, its unloosen energy density 10% higher than oats on a weight basis, in addition to almost 30% higher on a book basis. By weight, its unloosen energy in addition to poly peptide content is midway betwixt oats in addition to corn. Boiling improves its digestion.
Bran: a byproduct of wheat flour milling. No meaning laxative final result to horses because of their high fibre intake inwards hay in addition to chaff. Contains useful levels of B-group vitamins, but depression inwards most others.
Calcium (Ca): Aids inwards metabolism in addition to essential to muscles. For potent bones in addition to teeth, in addition to helps amongst blood clotting. Deficiency signs include delicate bones in addition to pitiful growth, in addition to muscular problems.
Carrots: An appetiser. Chop into sections of 5mm thick rings earlier feeding to avoid choking.
Chaff: made from chopped lucerne or oat straw. Lucerne chaff has greater nutritional value than oaten chaff, which contains to a greater extent than roughage in addition to bulk.
Chromium (Cr): Involved inwards saccharide metabolism in addition to activity of insulin hormone. Common feed sources include brewer’s yeast.
Cobalt (Co): 4% cobalt is incorporated into construction inwards Vitamin B12, which is involved inwards haemoglobin formation in addition to metabolism.
Cod Liver Oil: a source of Vitamin H5N1 in addition to D.
Copper (Cu): performs biochemical in addition to nutritional functions. Required for evolution of bone, articulation cartilage, elastic connexion tissue, utilisation of iron.
Copra Meal (Coconut meal): a “cool” unloosen energy feed because of its crude oil content (5-7%). It contains most 22% unsmooth poly peptide in addition to from 12.5-16% unsmooth fibre. Low lysine content; non suitable for growing horses. Use dry out free-flowing copra meal, or dampen simply earlier feeding.
Corn (maize): higher unloosen energy value than oats (18% to a greater extent than past times weight, in addition to twice every bit much past times volume) but needs to live crushed or cracked every bit it volition compact inwards the stomach, resulting inwards an overload of starch, which tin laissez passer on the sack Pb to lactic acid build-up, which tin laissez passer on the sack cause laminitis in addition to founder.
Cottonseed meal: Has a high poly peptide content (20-41% depending on process); produced after cottonseed crude oil is extracted.
Dolomite: source of Magnesium sulfate. Also provides calcium.
Epsom salts: source of Magnesium sulfate. Has a laxative final result if given at dose rates of greater than 1 tablespoon/100kg bwt.
Fluorine (F): Incorporated inwards os in addition to teeth structure. Deficiency symptoms are non mutual if consuming fluoridated water, but tin laissez passer on the sack include excessive molar wear, hurting inwards the feet, in addition to a dry, unsmooth coat.
Garlic: a natural antibiotic in addition to digestive aid, in addition to for relief of respiratory problems.
Iodine (I): Most of this describe mineral is used to industry thyroxin inwards the thyroid gland. This hormone affects increment in addition to metabolism. Signs of deficiency include goitre inwards mature horses, foals born weak or dead. Foals tin laissez passer on the sack develop enlarged joints in addition to contracted tendons if excess is fed.
Iron (Fe): A factor of every living organism – a horse’s trunk contains 33g Fe /500kg.
Kelp (Seaweed): a source of iodine in addition to many other describe minerals. Check the iodine content earlier adding kelp if other supplements such every bit iodised tabular array salt are also beingness given.
Linseed: a traditional coat conditioning in addition to laxative feed for horses. Toxic unless crushed or boiled.
Lucerne: rich inwards protein, vitamin K, in addition to many other vitamins in addition to minerals.
Magnesium (Mg): Important for metabolism of calcium, Vitamin C, phosphorous, sodium in addition to potassium. Found inwards dolomite.
Manganese (Mn): For os increment in addition to structure. Aids inwards the production of thyroxin (see Iodine), in addition to inwards the industry of sexual activity hormones in addition to lactation. Signs of deficiency include large hocks in addition to knuckling over of joints, brittle bones, foal expiry earlier or at birth, irregular seasons inwards mares. Too much tin laissez passer on the sack crusade anaemia in addition to infertility.
Milk Powder: a practiced character poly peptide source for foals in addition to younger horses, but expensive. Contains most 50% lactose (milk sugar), which is non digested past times mature horses over 4, because lactose enzyme activity is lost from the small-scale intestine. In mature horses, amounts inwards excess of 150g/100kg trunk weight inwards a unmarried feed tin laissez passer on the sack Pb to low-grade diarrhoea due to the inability to suspension downwards lactose.
Molasses: widely added to feed every bit a sweetener. Contains unloosen energy inwards its refined saccharify content, calcium in addition to other trace-minerals, but non inwards sufficient amounts to live a useful source.
Oats: starch-based unloosen energy source; easiest of cereal grains for horses to chew, but lowest digestible unloosen energy concentration. High unsmooth fibre content (10%) inwards the outer hull, which dilutes its starch content, helping to trim back the endangerment of digestive upset in addition to laminitis if excess is fed relative to needs. Rolling or crushing does non significantly improve digestibility of its starch inwards the small-scale intestine. Increased endangerment of “tying-up” in addition to hyperactivity inwards approximately horses.
Peas: contain an average of 23% unsmooth poly peptide in addition to a digestible unloosen energy content similar to barley. Low inwards fatty (1%) in addition to contain 6% unsmooth fibre. Palatable when soaked or crushed.
Phosphorous (P): Present inwards every cell, in addition to thought to play a role inwards all chemic reactions of the body. Essential to nervus functions, required for metabolism.
Pollard: The fine middlings of wheat milling; a conditioning feed, unremarkably used inwards Australia. Higher inwards unloosen energy in addition to unsmooth poly peptide (17-18%) amongst 3.6% unsmooth fat, but is lower inwards fibre than bran.
Potassium (K): an electrolyte that plant amongst sodium to residue trunk fluids. (potash).
Salts: Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl), Common Salt (NaCl) Salts in addition to electrolytes are essential to many functions. An endurance Equus caballus tin laissez passer on the sack lose upwards to lx litres of travail during a 160km endurance ride nether warm in addition to humid conditions. Heavy sweaters should live supplemented amongst potassium, magnesium in addition to calcium. Potassium balances the tabular array salt levels in addition to also much P results inwards tabular array salt deficiency.
Selenium (Se): Required every bit a trace-mineral in addition to inwards combination amongst vitamin E acts every bit an antioxidant. Also share of an enzyme that regulates thyroxine hormone activity. Signs of deficiency include pitiful musculus development, White Muscle Disease inwards foals, pitiful performance, a predisposition to tying-up, in addition to lower fertility inwards mares. Overuse tin laissez passer on the sack crusade loss of pilus of mane in addition to tail, bent legs inwards foals, lameness in addition to hoof separation.
Silage: like balage but stored inwards a pit. Up to 1kg/100kg trunk weight of sugariness silage (moist weight) tin laissez passer on the sack live fed but horses won’t live interested inwards the wet, nighttime stuff.
… in addition to 24 hours later.
This type of refined saccharify beet is known every bit “speedibeet”. It soaks inwards most 10 minutes in addition to is safer for horses prone to laminitis.Sodium bentonite: used every bit a binder inwards feed pelleting. The bentonite slows the digestive organization in addition to enables the brute to ameliorate utilise the feed nutrients.
Soya oil: coat conditioner in addition to added source of added fatty for extra energy. Contains phosphorous.
Soya edible bean meal: a byproduct of soy crude oil production. Contains the highest content of unsmooth poly peptide (44-45%) of whatever mutual crude oil seed meal. Provides a broad arrive at of essential amino acids, in addition to is a source of lysine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, arginine, glycine in addition to threonine.
Sugar Beet: A rootage vegetable used every bit a source of refined saccharify for human consumption. Once the refined saccharify is removed, fibre in addition to pulp remains. Molasses is in addition to thence added earlier it is dried in addition to shredded or pelleted. Sugar beet is similar inwards unloosen energy value to oats but the unloosen energy comes from digestible fibre in addition to non from starch, thence making it less heating. Pellets should live soaked for upwards to 24 hours, in addition to prepared fresh daily.
Sulphur (S): a cardinal ingredient inwards protein, necessary for all basic trunk metabolisms. Found naturally inwards wheat germ.
Sunflower Seeds: energy, poly peptide in addition to coat conditioning feed for hard-working horses. Contain betwixt 17-23% unsmooth poly peptide (due to their high crude oil content) in addition to upwards to 26% crude oil in addition to thence are higher inwards unloosen energy than cereal grains.
Vegetable Oils: these supply a high-energy boost. Common seed oils used include corn, soyabean, sunflower, canola in addition to blends of these oils. Omega-3 blends are considered to supply natural anti-inflammatory compounds in addition to hormone activeness to improve the business office in addition to forcefulness of blood vessels in addition to trunk cells. It tin laissez passer on the sack lead maintain 6-8 weeks earlier a make goodness is noticeable.
Wheat: not a mutual feed source for horses inwards New Zealand; primarily used for flour milling. If fed carefully in addition to introduced tardily tin laissez passer on the sack live a useful unloosen energy grain. Energy density is slightly higher than corn past times weight. Feeding to a greater extent than than 20% of it finely the world tin laissez passer on the sack Pb to colic, thence best fed cracked or coarsely ground.
Wheat germ: high phosphorous/calcium ratio, rich inwards B vitamins, iron, Vitamin E, copper, calcium, magnesium in addition to manganese. H5N1 natural source of Sulphur.
Yeast: variable unsmooth poly peptide content, ranging from 40-51%, relative to their fermentation province in addition to substrate. An expensive source of poly peptide every bit compared to crude oil seed meals. Supplements based on this tin laissez passer on the sack assistance in staggers.
Zinc (Zn): Assists inwards areas such every bit injure healing, increment in addition to immunity.
Recommended reading: Feed Your Horse Like a Horse, past times Juliet Getty
Sources/references:
Feeding Horses inwards Commonwealth of Australia – H5N1 Guide for Horse Owners in addition to Managers; quoting sources: Tyznik (1982), NRC (1989), Caple (1991), Cunha (1991), Lewis (1995), Frape (1997); in addition to Feeding in addition to Nutrition of Horses: The Making of a Champion (JR Kohnke, Vetsearch International Aust, 1998); Racehorse preparation in addition to feeding (Dr Philip Swann 1984); Natural Methods for Equine Health (Mary Bromiley, 1994).
First published inwards August, 2007
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