Hendra virus Q and A
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What is Hendra virus?
Hendra virus was commencement isolated inwards 1994 next an outbreak inwards a racing stable inwards the northern Brisbane suburb of Hendra.
It resulted inwards the decease of Equus caballus trainer Vic Rail together with xiii horses. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 stable paw became seriously ill. Seven other horses with show of exposure were euthanized, inwards a policy which continues to this day.
It was originally classified equally a Morbillivirus, but has been reclassified equally Hendra Virus (HeV). It belongs to a novel genus (Henipavirus) inwards the position unit of measurement Paramyxoviridae.
How mutual is it?
Infection is extremely rare inwards horses together with fifty-fifty rarer inwards people, who tin select handgrip of it from horses. Evidence suggests that Hendra virus is carried past times Australian fruit bats. Screening has shown antibodies to Hendra virus inwards all iv species of flight line a fast 1 on occurring on mainland Australia. Follow-up studies showed an antibody prevalence of betwixt 20-50% inwards flight line a fast 1 on populations across their mainland distribution. These findings dot that flight foxes are a natural host. Six of the 12 cases inwards 2008 involved simply 1 Equus caballus catching the virus.
How create horses select handgrip of it?
The precise machinery is withal nether investigation. It is possible that contact with or ingestion of bat droppings or urine may play a part, fifty-fifty saliva. There is a farther proposition that contact with nascency byproducts may equally good play a part.
Evidence suggests the virus spreads easily betwixt bats, but they demonstrate no clinical signs together with seem to live unaffected past times the virus. It is in all probability pregnant that the commencement cases inwards whatever horses accept ever been alongside those held inwards yards or paddocks, non stalls. Horses are able to top the virus on to people. There is a possibility that horses tin top it to each other, but no show has emerged of human to human transmission, or bat to bat transmission.
How create humans select handgrip of it?
It appears to require closed contact with the torso fluids of infected horses. Recent show suggests horses tin excrete the virus through nasal secretions upwards to 2 days earlier showing signs of infection. That said, show suggests that the sicker the horse, the to a greater extent than virus it is shedding. The virus does non seem to move long exterior its host, together with thus a victim would need to live exposed to infected cloth when it is withal fresh.
Can people select handgrip of the virus straight from fruit bats?
There is no indication of pregnant risk. Scientists tested 130 people, all of whom had closed contact with flight foxes, together with constitute no show of the virus. That said, members of Blue Planet are advised against handling fruit bats.
Can people select handgrip of the virus from fruit bats?
There is no indication of pregnant risk. Scientists tested 130 people, all of whom had closed contact with flight foxes, together with constitute no show of the virus. That said, members of Blue Planet are advised against handling fruit bats.
How unsafe is Hendra?
It kills to a greater extent than than lxx per cent of horses it infects. Of the 6 people who accept been infected past times Hendra, 3 accept died.
What is the focus of Hendra research? Developing ameliorate outbreak prevention together with command measures, together with possible vaccines together with treatments. Given that flight foxes are the natural host, enquiry inwards the plain is difficult. There rest unanswered questions over how together with when the virus is transmitted from bats to horses, together with fifty-fifty whether other creature vectors may live involved.
What are the symptoms?
It causes an influenza-like illness, with severe lung impairment together with accumulation of massive amounts of fluid. In fifty-fifty to a greater extent than severe cases, at that spot is inflammation of the brain, called encephalitis.
What is the incubation period?
It is probable to live 5 to xv days earlier symptoms appear. Horses die, on average, simply 2 days afterwards the the commencement symptoms appear.
Can animals other than bats, horses together with humans select handgrip of the virus?
Scientists accept tested a pose out of animals inwards a bid to position other possible vectors. Mice, rats, rabbits, chickens, together with dogs accept been given the virus but did non develop disease. However, cats together with guinea pigs are highly susceptible. This raises the possibility that fifty-fifty cats could play a purpose inwards transmitting the virus, but at that spot has been no show of natural infection of cats.
What treatments are available?
There are no vaccines at this phase together with whatever are probable to live closed to years away.
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